Escaping North Korea at 13: Yeonmi Park’s Story

Escaping North Korea at 13: Yeonmi Park’s Story

Stephanie Schoppert - September 19, 2016

North Korea is a country known for being a police state with few freedoms for its people and punishments akin to those of the Nazi regime. Human rights abuses are rampant but those who try to leave the country know they not only risk their own lives but the lives of their families. Yeonmi Park was just a young girl when she escaped North Korea, but the journey was far from easy.

Yeonmi was just a child when her father was imprisoned for illegal trading (he had been trading metal to the Chinese to keep his family from starving). He was given a sentence of 17 years but bribed his way out after 3. However, the years of torture and poor nutrition had taken its toll and he was diagnosed with colon cancer. So Yeonmi’s family decided to escape North Korea and try to make a life for themselves elsewhere.

Yeonmi and her mother went alone, leaving her father behind. They wanted to look for Yeonmi’s sister who had left in the middle of the night without telling anyone. Yeonmi’s father stayed behind so as to limit suspicion. If they were caught all of them would be killed or imprisoned for life.

In the freezing cold, Yeonmi and her mother crossed the frozen river that forms North Korea’s border with China. Guards patrol the river but the pair were lucky to avoid detection. Once in China, they began the search for Yeonmi’s sister, looking for the human smugglers who illegally get North Koreans out of China.

China’s government is on friendly terms with North Korea and will return any defectors they find within their borders. So North Koreans pay huge sums to get safe passage out of the country. Asking the smugglers does not give any leads to Yeonmi’s sister. One smuggler told them he would turn them in to Chinese authorities unless he could have sex with Yeonmi. Her mother offers herself instead. Yeonmi watched her mother’s rape.

Yeonmi’s father eventually joins them and the family decides not to return to North Korea. A distant relative helps them find a room but with no money, the family cannot even afford water or electricity. The horrible conditions are hard on Yeonmi’s father who succumbs to his cancer. Yeonmi and her mother bribed a crematorium to burn his body at night to avoid getting caught by Chinese authorities. They bury his ashes in a mountainside.

He was only 45 years old. Yeonmi and her mother knew they had to get out of China.

Escaping North Korea at 13: Yeonmi Park’s Story
Yeonmi and her family in North Korea. PRI.Org

They traveled for two days by bus to Qingdao which has a large Korean population. There they stayed at a shelter run by South Koreans and Chinese missionaries. Their best hope was to get to Mongolia through the Gobi Desert in order to get help from South Korean diplomats there. South Korea’s government is friendly to North Korean defectors and has helped thousands of them get settled within their borders.

Yeonmi and her mother joined a group and together they trekked into the Gobi Desert and crossed into Mongolia. At the border, they were stopped by Mongolian guards who said that they would be forced to return to China. Being sent back by guards to China would ensure that Chinese authorities would return them to North Korea. Yeonmi and her mother begged to be allowed to stay but the guards insisted that they would be returned to China. As an act of desperation, both Yoenmi and her mother took knives from their belongings and held them to their throats. They swore to the guards they would kill themselves before returning to China.

The guards took them both into custody. They were eventually sent to a detention center in the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator. Weeks later they were met by South Korean officials who got them on a plane to Seoul, South Korea’s capital.

For a girl from an impoverished North Korea, the amenities of South Korea felt magical. From moving sidewalks to clean restrooms and a bustling capital filled with cars, people and media, it was a big adjustment. Yoenmi and her mother both got jobs and saved money for Yoenmi to return to school. She was even reunited with her sister who also made it to South Korea. Today she travels around the world advocating for those still left behind in North Korea and helping those who are on the journey to get out of the repressive regime.

There are over 27,000 North Korean defectors living in South Korea today. With the tightening of security and increased punishments for those helping defectors, just getting to China can cost a North Korean $8,000 in bribes and travel.

The GDP per capita in North Korea in 2014 was $1,800. In 2015, North Korea was tied with South Korea as the most corrupt country in the world. The river where Yeonmi and her mother crossed, is now lined with barbed wire fences, on both sides. Half of North Korea’s population lives in extreme poverty.

Read Next: 27 Hours to Freedom: The Incredible Escape Story of Slave Henry ‘Box’ Brown.

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